Thi Thanh Hang Phan, Hang Anh Nguyen, Vinh Cam Lai, & An Thinh Nguyen. INDICATOR OF SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCES USE IN THE TRANSBOUNDARY BASINS

https://doi.org/10.15407/ugz2022.04.049
Ukr. geogr. z. 2022, No. 4:49-56
Ukrainian Geographical Journal 2022(4)
Language of publication: 
English
Full text: 
PDF icon UGZ_2022_04_3_2.pdf
Authors: 

Thi Thanh Hang Phan  1

Hang Anh Nguyen  2
Vinh Cam Lai  1

An Thinh Nguyen  3

1 Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology

2 University of Wollongong, Australia

3 Hanoi National University

Abstract: 

Due to the complex situation of integrated water resources management in transboundary river basins, this research built a set of indicators for sustainable use of water resources by the Delphi method and developed a specific calculation method for 22 indicators of 5 groups. The integrated indicator has 5 assessment levels to demonstrate the magnitude of water use and the renewability of water resources. Using these indicators to evaluate the sustainability of three border provinces in the Mekong transboundary basin which are Kontum, Attapue, and Ratanakiri, this research came to the conclusions that 9/24 districts in three provinces have moderate water use and renewable water resources level; the remaining districts are also using water at a moderate level but with low renewable water resources. Furthermore, research results showed that different governmental policies generated varying impacts on the sustainable use of water resources in three provinces. Hence, this research is an important scientific foundation for the authorities to build cooperative water resource management programs in transboundary river basins. In future research, the availability of a more detailed dataset will enable the construction of a more comprehensive water resource management plan for different phases. 

Key words: 
Sustainable water resources use, transboundary basin, district and indicator.
Pages: 
49-56
References: 
1. Mitthan Lal Kansal, Venkataramana Sridhar, & Elibariki E. Mwanga. (2019). Transboundary Issues of Water Governance in Mekong River Basin. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784482322.013
 
2. Zeitoun, M, Goulden, M & Tickner, D. (2013). Current and future challenges facing transboundary river basin management. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, Vol. 4, No. 5, 331-349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.228
 
3. Asah, S. T. (2014). Transboundary hydro‐politics and climate change rhetoric: an emerging hydro‐security complex in the lake chad basin. WIREs Water, vol. 2, No. 1, 37-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1057
 
4. Yongming X., Hung C.H. & Wencheng X. (2015). Mapping a pollution indicator for the transboundary Red River Valley, Asia, 2009-2011, Journal of Maps, 11:3, 396-404, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2014.934747
 
5. Petersen-Perlman, J. D., Veilleux, J. C., Wolf, A. T. (2017). International water conflict and cooperation: challenges and opportunities. Water International. 42(2): 105-120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2017.1276041
 
6. Duda, A. M. (2002). Monitoring and evaluation indicators for GEF International Waters Projects, Working Paper 10, Global Environment. Facil., Washington, D. C.
 
7. Smith, E. T. (2004). Water Resources Criteria and Indicators. Water resources update, Issue 127, 59-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2175/193864704784138584
 
8. The World Bank. (2005). World development indicators.
 
9. Chaves, H. L. & Alipaz, S. (2007). An Integrated Indicator Based on Basin Hydrology, Environment, Life, and Policy: The Watershed Sustainability Index. Water Resources Management 21, 883-895. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-006-9107-2
 
10. Lorenz, C., Gilbert, A. & Cofino, W. (2001). Indicators for Transboundary River Management. Environmental Management 28, 115-129.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s002670010211
 
11. Policy Research Institute (PRI). (2006). The Canadian Water Sustainability Index (CWSI) Case Research Report. Working paper series 028.
 
12. Policy Research Institute (PRI). (2007). Canada water sustainability index. Project report. PRI Project: Sustainable Development, Government of Canada. ISBN 978-0-662-45045-0.
 
13. Yoffe S, Wolf AT, Giordano M. (2007). Conflict and cooperation over international freshwater resources indicators of basin at risk. Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 39(5):1109-1126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03696.x
 
14. De Sherbinin, A., Mara, V., Jaiteh, M., Levy, M. (2016). Chapter 3.1: Socioeconomics. In UNEP-DHI and UNEP Transboundary River Basins: Status and Trends. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, 25-46.
 
15. De Stefano, L., Forslund, A., Lymer, B.L., Bertule, M., Glennie, P., Bjørnsen, P.K., Molnar, K. (2016). Chapter 3.5: Governance. In UNEP-DHI and UNEP. Transboundary River Basins: Status and Trends. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, 108-136.
 
16. Flörke, M., Green, P., Schneider, C., Vörösmarty, C. (2016). Chapter 3.2: Water Quantity. In UNEP-DHI and UNEP. Transboundary River Basins: Status and Trends. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, 47-72.
 
17. Green, P., Smith, K., Barchiesi, S., Vörösmarty, C., Darwall, W., Allen, D., Dalton, J., Dopson, I. (2016). Chapter 3.4: Ecosystems. In UNEP-DHI and UNEP. Transboundary River Basins: Status and Trends. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, 87-107.
 
18. Seitzinger, S., Bertule, M., Mayorga, E., Kroeze, C., Glennie, P. (2016). Chapter 3.3: Water Quality. In UNEP-DHI and UNEP. Transboundary River Basins: Status and Trends. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, 73-86.
 
19. Linstone, H.A., & Turoff, M. (1975). The Delphi Method Techniques and Applications. Massachusetts, Reading: Addison-Wesley.
 
20. Gupta, U.G., Clarke, R.E. (1996). Theory and Applications of the Delphi Technique: A bibliography (1975-1994). Technological Forecasting and Social Change 53, 185-211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1625(96)00094-7
 
21. Crisp, J., Pelletier, D., Duffield, C., Adams, A., Nagy, S. (1997). The Delphi method?. Nursing Research 46 (2), 116-118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-199703000-00010
 
22. Sharkey, S.B., Sharples, A.Y. (2001). An approach to consensus building using the Delphi technique: developing a learning resource in mental health. Nurse Education Today 21, 398-408. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1054/nedt.2001.0573
 
23. Wang, C.C., Wang, Y., Zhang, K., Fang, J., Liu, W., Luo, S., Tang, S., Wang. S., Lu, V.C. (2003). Reproductive health indicators for China's rural areas. Social Science and Medicine 57(2): 217-225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00341-6
 
24. Schmidt, R. C. (1997). Managing Delphi Surveys Using Nonparametric Statistical Techniques. Decision Sciences. 28(3): 763-774. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1997.tb01330.x
 
25. Mark J. Clayton. (1997). Delphi: a technique to harness expert opinion for critical decision‐making tasks in education. Educational Psychology, 17:4, 373-386, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0144341970170401
 
26. Garth A, Hallam S. (2008). Analysing Data Using SPSS (a Practical Guide for Those Unfortunate Enough to Have to Actually Do It). 94 pp.
 
27. Vuong, H. N. et al. (2021). Research and propose models of sustainable use of transboundary natural resources in three countries Vietnam-Laos-Cambodia (Kon Tum, Quang Nam, Da Nang, Ratanakiri and Attapeu provinces-TN18/19. Report. [In Vietnamese].
 
28. Ministry of Construction (MOC). (2006). Water Supply-Distribution System and Facilities Design Standard. [In Vietnamese].
 
29. Bui Hieu, Nguyen Quang Phi. (2006). Water use balance in basalt area-Central Highlands. Report. 11 p. [In Vietnamese].
 
30. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE). (2015). National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality (QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT). [In Vietnamese].
 
31. UNEP. URL: http://twap-rivers.org